LO2 Network and interconnection devices

Network devices

Workstation -  a computer intended for individual use that is faster and more capable than a personal computer and it is a standalone machine.

Function: It will perform a certain set of tasks like photo editing, video production or audio recording.

A network interface card (NIC) is a circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. 

Function: A network interface card provides the computer with a dedicated, full-time connection to a network. Personal computers and workstations on a local area network (LAN) typically contain a network interface card specifically designed for the LAN transmission technology 

Print

Feature

Function

Mail

Feature

Function

Web

Feature

Function

Proxy

Feature

Function

File

Feature

Function

Interconnection devices

Router

Purpose

Feature

Function

Switch

Purpose

Feature

Function

Wireless Access Point

Purpose

Feature

Function

References

Workstation

https://techterms.com/definition/workstation [Accessed on 29th May 2018]

Definition Workstation

https://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/workstation [Accessed on 29th May 2018]

Definition network interface card (NIC)

https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/network-interface-card [Accessed on 29th May 2018]

Bus network topology diagram

https://conceptdraw.com/a878c3/preview--Bus%20network%20topology%20diagram [Accessed on 29th May 2018]
3.6.4. Network Interface Cardhttps://informatics.buzdo.com/p480-network-card.htm [Accessed on 29th may 2018]

TP-Link Archer C7 AC1750 Wireless Dual Band Gigabit Router (V2)

https://www.pcmag.com/review/352074/tp-link-archer-c7-ac1750-wireless-dual-band-gigabit-router [Accessed on 29th May 2018]

Network Switch Diagram Template

https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/examples/network-diagram/network-switch-diagram-template [Accessed on 29th May 2018]

Wireless Networking Simplified: The Terms You Should Know

https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/wireless-networking-simplified-the-terms-you-should-know/ [Accessed on 29th May 2018]

How to use Google Cloud Print to make printing from Android a dream

https://www.techrepublic.com/article/pro-tip-use-google-cloud-print-to-make-printing-from-android-a-dream/ [Accessed on 29th May 2018]

Email Administrator's Guide

http://death2spam.com/docs/admin/index.html [Accessed on 29th May 2018]

Web Diagram Examples - Include conceptual website, web site map, web architecture.

https://www.edrawsoft.com/Web-Diagram-Examples.php [Accessed on 29th May 2018]

Wireless Technologies

1. 802.11

- Use for Wireless Ethernet networks.

2. Infrared

- Infrared technology allowed computing devices to communicate via short-range wireless signals in the 1990s.

- Using IR, computers could transfer files and other digital data bidirectionally.



3. Bluetooh

- Bluetooth is a radio communication technology that enables low-power, short distance wireless networking between phones, computers, and other network devices. 

- Bluetooth technology was designed primarily to support networking of portable consumer devices and peripherals that run on batteries

- Example

• Cell phones
• Wireless headsets (including hands-free car kits)
• Wireless keyboards
• Printers
• Wireless speakers
• Computers

- Two Bluetooth devices connect to each other by a process called pairing. When you press a button or select a menu option on the unit, a Bluetooth device initiates a new connection.

4. 3G

- It stands for 3rd Generation Mobile Telecommunications/Wireless (3G)

- deliver quality multimedia to mobile devices by way of faster and easier wireless communications as well as “anytime, anywhere” services.

- There are two groups 3GPP and 3GPP2

Differences

802.11b
802.11g
802.11n

Network Protocols & Standards

TCP

- It stands for Transmission Control Protocol
- TCP must ask permission between the sender and receiver to agree to communicate to send message
For example: YouTube
- when there is a connection, so it will connect, and otherwise, when there is no connection, so it become error.

IP

- It stands for Internet Protocol
- IP is a internet's language use to speak
- IP is identical throughout the world, by saying Malaysia can connect to Turkey

UDP
- It stands for for User DataGram Protocol
- UDP is different with TCP. Because UDP doesn't need permission, they just send the message straight away.
- UDP direct sending message

APPLETALK
- Made by Mac'Intosh
- there are two types: 1- Phase 1 is small network and 2- Phase 2 is large network

802.2
- It stands for IEEE 802.2 logical link control
- IEEE stands for institude of electrical and electronic enginerous
- It uses datalink layer of OSI model to run
- While 802.2 is the translator of the message coming in the datalink, so the translator can make the datalink understand

802.3
- Other name is Ethernet
- Normally uses fast Ethernet (100 MB/s). Example is Micronet
- When user uses more data rate, so it become expensive
- It used for devices by local area network product that define CSMA/CD

FDDI
- It stands for Fiber Distribute Data Interface
- It use two token rings.
- Each token ring do their own work but with opposite way
- During normal process, FDDI use one ring only which called PRIMARY.
- While the other ring is use to backup which called SECONDARY.

802.5
- This is the same like token ring
- It will take the token first before sending the message to its destination.

Network Models

OSI
- OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection.
- This is an reference for the application to communicate to the other application over the network.

- There are seven layers which consists of
1. Application - This is to identified when someone is going to talk to it.

2. Presentation - This is part of operating system (OS). This working is about converting the data that is ingoing or outgoing.

3. Session - This layer is to sets up. It is used to coordinates, and terminates conversations.

4. Transport - This layer is used to make the packetision data be placed in order.
- It also used for sending the packet.
- It is also including the checking of the correction within the data, whenever the data is being received or arrived.

5. Network - This layer is to handle the addressing and routing the data.
- This is used to send the data into the correct locations on the outgoing transmission.
- When this layer received the incoming transmission at the packet level.
-  IP is the network layer for the internet.

6. Data link - This layer has two sub-layers
- the logical link control layer and - the Media Access Control layer (MAC).

7. Physical - This layer is used to bring the bit stream to the entire network
- either by using the electrically
- mechanically
- through the radio waves

- The physical layer covers variety of devices and mediums
- cablings
- connectors
- receivers
- transceivers
- repeaters

TCP/IP 

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol
IP stands for Internet Protocol

TCP/IP is the language that a host use to access the internet.
- It consists a suite protocols that has been designed to establish a network of networks
- to provide a host with access to the internet.

Application layer - provide applications with standardized data exchange.
Transport layer - responsible for maintaining end-to-end communications across the network.
- While the TCP handles communications between hosts and
- provides

responsible for maintaining end-to-end communications across the network. TCP handles communications between hosts and provides flow control, multiplexing and reliability. The transport protocols include TCP and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which is sometimes used instead of TCP for special purposes. 

DEFINITION

OSI model (Open Systems Interconnection)

https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/OSI [Accessed on 24th April 2018]

Network Topologies

Network Topologies is the arrangement of network.


Point-To-Point Topology 
- there are only two hosts that are connected to each other with a cable.

Advantages: 1- Faster in sending information
2- Do not have to wait to send the information

Problems: 1- Once the cable is broken, so cannot transfer the information
2- It only have one cable, so it means it cannot connect to other hosts.

Bus Topology
- there is only one cable that connected to multiple hosts.

Advantages: 1- There is only less cable needed than the other topology like 'Star topology'
2-  When user only need for a small network, bus topology is the easiest topology they can use for it.

Problems: 1- The hosts only connected to one cable, so it surely can be lagging.
2- When there is one host that is broken, so all the hosts is effected.

Star Topology
- all the devices are connected to one switch or hub or router.

Advantages: 1- It can be faster when sending the information.
2- There are switch, for example switch, it can be use for multiple hosts.

Problems: 1- It is expensive to buy the cables.
2- When the switch, hub or router is broken, so there is no connection.

Ring Topology
- there are many hosts that are connected to each other.

Advantages: 1- When there is one part that is disconnected, but there are still other ways to send the information.
2- It is faster when sending the information, because only one person that is using the cable.

Problems: 1- Queue up/ need to get the token ring before send the information
2- The information can be reads by the other hosts.

Mesh Topology 
- there is one host that is connected to many hosts.

There is two types of Mesh topology: 1- Partial and 2- Full Mesh.

Advantages: 1- It can be fast because there are many cables.
2- When one cable is broken, they can use other cable to send the information.

Problem: 1- many cables needed.
2- It is expensive.

Tree topology
- it is also known as Hierarchical topology.
- It is most commonly used network topology in today.

Advantages: 1- Fast sending of the information.
2- Suitable for office use.

Problems: 1- It is expensive.
2- Use many cables.

References:

    Bus Topology

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/bustopol.htm [Accessed on 20th April 2018]

Point to Point Network Topology

http://www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/point-to-point-network-topology [Accessed on 20th April 2018]

CN_LAN_Lab8_Noorsabrena

Activity: WAN Technologies

Sabrena

Mizah

Research details of the THREE (3) WAN Technologies

1. MPLS

- It stands for Multiprotocol Label Switching.

- It is expensive

- a way to make sure reliable connections for real-time applications

How it works?

- carry data and voice, and can be used to simplify WAN routing

-Example

2. Frame Relay

- It is high performance of WAN protocol.

- Today, it is used for variety of other network interfaces.

How it works?

- FR use Virtual Circuits (VC) to set up the connections over the WAN.

- Examples: Packet Switch Technology.

3. ATM

- It is stands for Asynchronous Transfer Mode

- It is a switching technique for telecommunication networks 

- It use asynchronous time division multiplexing and it encodes data into small

How it work?

- Once a connection is set up, the ATM network will provide end-to-end quality of service to the end users.

- The routing information is carried in the header of each cell

- Cells are reassembled into voice, video, image, or data at the destination.

- Examples

References:

Techopedia.com. (2018). What is Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)? - Definition from Techopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/527/multiprotocol-label-switching-mpls [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018].

Google.com.bn. (2018). frame relay diagram - Google Search. [online] Available at: https://www.google.com.bn/search?q=frame+relay+diagram&rlz=1C1LENP_enBN726BN726&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7_bv1orHaAhXDv48KHTGTBwsQ_AUICigB&biw=1422&bih=1020#imgrc=TW_qslawediJtM: [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018].

Johnson, N. (2018). MPLS explained. [online] Network World. Available at: https://www.networkworld.com/article/2297171/sd-wan/network-security-mpls-explained.html [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018].

Google.com.bn. (2018). mpls in wan technology - Google Search. [online] Available at: https://www.google.com.bn/search?q=mpls+in+wan+technology&rlz=1C1LENP_enBN726BN726&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii7Magp7HaAhXFpI8KHVivAN8Q_AUICigB#imgrc=1aHN979BMWuXfM: [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018].

Information Security Notes. (2017). What is MPLS ( Multiprotocol label switching ) - WAN Technology - Information Security Notes. [online] Available at: http://securitynotes.org/what-is-mpls-wan-technology/ [Accessed 11 Apr. 2018].